Infection preventionists working in rehabilitation facilities must evaluate numerous factors that influence infection transmission risks to develop infection prevention and control policies and procedures that apply to the types of patients facility treats and the services provided. Transmission-Based Precautions are based on the current knowledge of disease transmission and therefore must be applied in the rehabilitation setting following the same principles applied in other healthcare facilities. The use of high-touch, highly interactive therapeutic measures and the equipment used to provide rehabilitative services may increase the risk of infection transmission. Cleaning and disinfection of the environment and equipment, along with frequent hand hygiene and appropriate use of personal protective equipment, are important strategies to interrupt the chain of transmission of infectious pathogens. In the rehabilitation population, there are many specialty populations with distinctive needs and characteristics that affect their risk for and response to infection. To perform meaningful surveillance in these specialty populations, IPs need a thorough understanding of these characteristics and how they relate to infection prevention and control methods and surveillance definitions.